真主在哪里?谁是真主?
Preamable
This
Blog e-Education Platform, is our MAM Jonker88 Group’s mission and vision, as
institutional member of UNESCO-ICOM ( 29766 ), to promote and to advocate our
Group’s Millenium Sustainable Development Program, for campaigning World Peace,
in form of developing this Universal Heritage, including intangible cultural
heritage, cultural biodiversity , Open Living Human Treasure, besides our
Melaka tangible cultural property, in our Melaka Open Living Museum, along the
Jonker Street, Hereen Streen, Jalan Tokong, along the Sungai Melaka, along
Jalan Kota, Jalan Gejera, Jalan Istana, Jalan Laksamana, as inscribed in our
UNESCO World Heritage City on July 7, 2008…..
Oneness, is our
proposed Awakening Program, as part of our Enlightening Process, as what Bahai highlighted and promoted “…世界大同 Oneness上帝唯一,宗教同源,人类一家The Bahá'í view of God is essentially monotheistic. God is the
imperishable, uncreated being who tis the source of all existence. He is described as "a
personal God, unknowable, inaccessible, the source of all Revelation, eternal, omniscient, omnipresent and almighty". & “The
independent search after truth, unfettered by superstition or tradition; the oneness of the entire human race, the pivotal principle and fundamental doctrine of the Faith;
the basic unity of all religions; the condemnation of all forms of prejudice, whether religious, racial, class or national; the harmony which
must exist between religion and science; the equality
of men and women, the two wings on which the bird of human kind is able to
soar; the introduction of compulsory education; the adoption of a universal
auxiliary language; the abolition of the
extremes of wealth and poverty; the institution of a world tribunal for the adjudication of disputes between nations; the exaltation
of work, performed in the spirit of service, to the rank of worship; the glorification of justice as the ruling principle in human
society, and of religion as a bulwark for the protection of all peoples and
nations; and the establishment of a permanent and universal
peace as the supreme goal of all
mankind—these stand out as the essential elements [which Bahá'u'lláh proclaimed]. …”
老子思想 - 宇宙觀
- “道生一、一生二、二生三、三生萬物。”
- “有物混成,先天地生。寂漠!獨立不改,周行不殆,可以為天下母。吾不知其名,強字之曰道,強為之名曰大。大曰逝,逝曰遠,遠曰返。道大,天大,地大,王大。域中有四大,而王處一。人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然。”
- “無,名天地之始;有,名萬物之母。故常無,欲以觀其妙;常有,欲以觀其徼。此兩者同出而異名,同謂之玄。玄之又玄,眾妙之門。”
- “天下萬物生於有,有生於無。”
- “有無相生,難易相成,長短相較,高下相傾,音聲相和,前後相隨。”
價值觀: 無、道、德
老子的價值觀由「無」、「道」、「德」三者所構成。
老子言「無」,嘗謂:「天下萬物生於有,有生於無。」當宇宙尚未形成,萬物不會存在,故稱「無」。天地初開,形成宇宙,故稱「有」。
「萬物」由「有」所衍生,而「有」從「無」所衍生,天下萬物均起於「有」,而「有」又起源于「無」。
老子言「道」,嘗謂:「有物混成,先天地生,寂兮寥兮,獨立而不改,周行而不殆,可以為天下母,吾不知其名,字之曰道,強為之名曰大。」老子認為「道」是宇宙本體,乃萬物之根源,故謂:「道生一、一生二、二生三、三生萬物。」
「道」生於天地萬物之先,獨立長存於萬物之外,不斷循環運行,遍及天地萬物,絕不止息。老子又認為「道」不可觸摸、莫可名狀,故謂:「無狀之狀,無物之泉。」只能用「道」來代表,亦可勉強稱為「大」。故謂:「道可道,非常道,名可名,非常名。
無,名天地之始;有,名萬物之母。」意謂「道」是玄妙深奧的,常人難以理解及形容。若可用言語來描述「道」,就不是真正的「道」了。當宇宙萬物形成之際,人類會給萬物命名,但都不是事物真正的名字,因為天地萬物都是由「道」衍生出來的。
人為自然萬物之一,故須遵守自然法則,故謂:「人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然。」「道」賦予萬物生機而使各遂其生,故老子認為「道」是萬物的宗主。
老子言「德」,認為「德」乃「道」之體現,而「德」應服從於「道」,故謂:「孔德之容,惟道是從。」道家強調人應當好好行道,目的是助己之修養,避免犯過。
守柔: 老子言「守柔」,嘗謂:「天下之至柔,馳聘天下之至剛。」「道」之所以能循環不息,因為「道」具備了柔弱的特質,故言:「弱者道之用。」
老子以「水」作喻:「天下柔弱,莫過於水,而攻堅強者,莫之能勝,其無以易之。」又謂:「弱之勝強,柔之勝剛,天下莫不知,莫能行。」老子強調以柔制剛,認為「強梁者不得其死」,目的在教人謙卑遜讓,以退為進。
人若如此,方可明哲保身,故謂:「知其雄,守其雌,為天下豁;為天下豁,常德不離,復歸於嬰兒。」意謂人可有雄心壯志,但不可逞強好勝,應抱持柔弱謙下之道,保持質樸本性。
老子強調「守柔」,皆因認為除了「道」之外,世間萬物總有沒落的一日。
故謂:「飄風不終朝,驟雨不終日。」老子又認為世事難測,故謂:「禍兮福所倚,福兮禍所伏。」老子強調「守柔」,要求人清虛自守,勿剛強好勝,否則不得善終。
居後不爭: 老子認為人應有「居後不爭」之心,嘗謂:「我有三寶,持而保之;一曰慈,二曰儉,三曰不敢為天下先。
夫慈故能勇,儉故能廣,不敢為天下先,故能成器長。」只有寬容、儉樸、謙讓不爭的人,方能具備道德勇氣,進而博施於人,受人尊敬擁護而成大器。老子嘗謂:「聖人後其身而身先,外其身而身存。
非以其無私耶,故能成其私。」只要人能捨棄爭先爭勝之心,深明「持而盈之,不如其己。
揣而銳之,不可長保。金玉滿堂,莫之能守。富貴而驕,自遺其咎」之理。莫自恃聰明,鋒芒太露,應抱持以退為進的處世態度,從而達致「夫唯不爭,故天下莫能與之爭」的境界。
寡欲 : 老子謂人應「寡欲」,故謂:「罪莫大於可欲,禍莫大於不知足,咎莫大於欲得。故知足之足,常足。」人若懷有「可欲」、「不知足」之心,則貪念自生。
只有「知足」帶來的滿足感,才是真正的滿足。老子指出:「五色令人目盲,五音令人耳聋,五味令人口爽。」沉醉於聲色犬馬和口腹物慾會使人神昏意亂,使身體的感官和靈性受損。
故老子要求人「無欲」、「去欲」,故謂:「是以聖人去甚、去奢、去泰。」又謂:「善為士者不武。
善戰者不怒。善勝敵者不爭。善用人者為之下。」於生活起居、待人處事應「見素抱樸,少私寡欲」,達致「知足不辱,知止不殆,可以長久」的境界。
无为而无不为
第三十七章:道常无为而无不为。侯王若能守之,万物将自化。化而欲作,吾将镇之以无名之朴。镇之以无名之朴,夫亦将不欲。不欲以静,天下将自正。
四十八章:为学日益,为道日损,损之又损,以至于无为,无为而无不为。取天下常以无事,及其有事,不足以取天下。「为」字,初意:做事、行为;引义1:行为之目的;引义2:思考之目的。哲学引义:人生之目的、意义。政治引义:政权的目的,国家的宗旨。
「无为而无不为」,指一个全集合,包括宇宙中允许存在的一切目的和手段,也包括空集合-没有任何目的和手段。这等于「道常」本身,「道常」指宇宙中允许存在的一切目的和手段。「目的和手段」又都是基于人类的观察和行为而产生的概念。
「道常无为而无不为,侯王若能守之,万物将自化。」宇宙的任何变化均是合理而非神意所导致,国王要认识到这点,万物自己会解决他们的问题。这是老子反对祭祀和观天象定人事的主张。
「为学日益,为道日损,损之又损,以至于无为,无为而无不为。」人们每天在学习新的知识和手段,所以规范他们的行为代价就越大,代价越来越大,以至于再也无法规范他们的行为,这样自然就不再去做行为规范了,人们也就自由地可以追求一切人生目标。这状态也就是「道常」本身。
Institute of International Strategic Studies & Religious Research
Center (IISS-RRCI)
IISS-RRCI
: May 3, 2013 By Zheng He & Islamic Civilization
Foundation
IISS-RRCI is a Strategic
Associates of Maritime Archaeology Museum, MAM, institutional member of UNESCO-ICOM
(Membership No: 29766), International Committee Member of UNESCO-ICOMMON, ICEE,
ICOM-Conservation, National Member of
ICOMMAL, ICOM Malaysia, Ministry of Culture, Arts & Heritage,
MalaysiaWebsite: www.emalacca.com www.3833.com www.jonker88.com malaccawhc@blogspot.com
Mukadimah
Sesungguhnya perkataan Kami kepada sesuatu apabila Kami
kehendaki, hanyalah Kami berkata kepadanya: "Jadilah engkau! ", maka
menjadilah ia. (16-40)(For to anything which We have
willed, We but say the word, "Be", and it is.)
Sesungguhnya Allah telah menolong kamu mencapai kemenangan
dalam banyak medan-medan perang dan di medan perang Hunain, iaitu semasa kamu
merasa megah dengan sebab bilangan kamu yang ramai; maka bilangan yang ramai
itu tidak mendatangkan faedah kepada kamu sedikitpun; dan (semasa kamu merasa)
bumi yang luas itu menjadi sempit kepada kamu; kemudian kamu berpaling undur
melarikan diri. (9-25)(Assuredly Allah did help you in many
battle-fields and on the day of Hunain: Behold! your great numbers elated you,
but they availed you naught: the land, for all that it is wide, did constrain
you, and ye turned back in retreat).
Kemudian Allah menurunkan semangat tenang tenteram kepada
RasulNya dan kepada orang-orang yang beriman, dan Allah menurunkan tentera yang
kamu tidak melihatnya, serta Ia menyeksa orang-orang kafir itu (dengan
kekalahan yang membawa kehancuran); dan yang demikian itu ialah balasan bagi
orang-orang yang kafir. (9-26)(But Allah did pour His calm on the
Messenger and on the Believers, and sent down forces which ye saw not: He
punished the Unbelievers; thus doth He reward those without Faith.)
Kalau kamu tidak menolongnya (Nabi Muhammad) maka
sesungguhnya Allah telahpun menolongnya, iaitu ketika kaum kafir (di Makkah)
mengeluarkannya (dari negerinya Makkah) sedang ia salah seorang dari dua
(sahabat) semasa mereka berlindung di dalam gua, ketika ia berkata kepada
sahabatnya: "Janganlah engkau berdukacita, sesungguhnya Allah bersama
kita". Maka Allah menurunkan semangat tenang tenteram kepada (Nabi
Muhammad) dan menguatkannya dengan bantuan tentera (malaikat) yang kamu tidak
melihatnya. Dan Allah menjadikan seruan (syirik) orang-orang kafir terkebawah
(kalah dengan sehina-hinanya), dan Kalimah Allah (Islam) ialah yang tertinggi
(selama-lamanya), kerana Allah Maha Kuasa, lagi Maha Bijaksana. (9-40 If ye help not (your leader), (it is
no matter): for Allah did indeed help him, when the Unbelievers drove him out:
he had no more than one companion; they two were in the cave, and he said to
his companion, "Have no fear, for Allah is with us": then Allah sent
down His peace upon him, and strengthened him with forces which ye saw not, and
humbled to the depths the word of the Unbelievers. But the word of Allah is
exalted to the heights: for Allah is Exalted in might, Wise.
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